Power Steering Failure: Causes, Signs & Fixes

Have you ever driven a car without power steering? If yes, you are aware of how important the power steering feature is. In fact, power steering has been considered one of the practical innovations in the automotive industry. Power steering eases your steering experience and makes it smoother to manoeuvre your vehicle with ease. But there are times when you find your power steering fails. That can make your driving go from being soft to quite cumbersome. So, we thought of finding out what causes power steering failure and how you can fix it. We will also check out the signs of issues with your power steering so that you can take corrective action right ahead of time. 

What is Power Steering?

Simply put, power steering is a steering system designed to minimise the steering effort. It is designed to make the steering efforts minimal. The method allows you to handle your vehicle rather easily and navigate it without much effort. The power steering method was initially developed by Robert E. Twyford in 1900. The concept was taken further later. 

Types of Power Steerings 

There are three main types of power steering systems used in vehicles today, each with different mechanisms and benefits:

• Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS)

Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS) uses pressurized fluid from a pump driven by the engine to assist steering, reducing effort and providing smoother control, though it requires regular maintenance and fluid checks.

• Electric Power Steering (EPS)

This type of power steering uses a combination of electric and hydraulic systems. It uses an electric motor that operates a hydraulic pump. It helps improve the performance and consumes less fuel as opposed to the hydraulic-powered steering. 

• Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS)

 Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS) combines electric and hydraulic systems, using battery power to drive a hydraulic pump for efficient, responsive steering with reduced fuel consumption and smoother control.

Also read, How to Prevent Common Causes of Battery Drain?

Common Causes of Power Steering Failure

There are several reasons or causes that result in power steering failure: 

• Low Or Leaking Power Steering Fluid

For a power steering system to work efficiently, you need to make sure that you have enough fluid. Low levels may fail to exert the pressure required. Make sure to maintain the fluid levels. Also, check if there is any leakage if you notice depleting fluid levels frequently. 

• Worn Or Broken Power Steering Belt

Power steering is made possible with the power from the engine. A broken or worn out belt can cause the steering to receive less power. It is a good idea to check the belt at regular intervals and at every maintenance visit.

• Faulty Power Steering Pump

The power steering pump is the primary component of your system. A damaged or inefficient pump can diminish the performance of your power steering system. Checking the pump performance should help you address the issue. 

• Contaminated Or Dirty Power Steering Fluid

Contaminated or dirty power steering fluid can disrupt the hydraulic system’s efficiency. Impurities in the fluid may clog passages, strain the pump, and ultimately reduce the overall performance of the power steering system.

• Electrical Or Sensor Issues (In Electric Power Steering Systems)

Electrical or sensor issues in Electric Power Steering (EPS) systems can lead to steering failure. Faulty sensors or electrical faults disrupt power assistance. In some cases, cleaning or recalibrating the sensors can restore proper function.

• Damaged Or Worn Steering Rack Or Gearbox

Over time, the steering rack can wear out, leading to reduced steering responsiveness and efficiency. If not addressed promptly, this wear can eventually cause complete power steering failure.

• Clogged Power Steering Hose Or Filter

A clogged power steering hose or filter often results from contaminated fluid buildup. This blockage restricts fluid flow, reducing steering performance. Cleaning or replacing the affected components can effectively restore smooth operation.

• Overheating Or Excessive Load On The Steering System

Power steering systems may overheat or experience excessive load due to various factors such as fluid issues, friction, or component strain. Identifying and addressing each cause promptly helps prevent further damage.

Read to know:Top 10 Tips To Keep Your Car In Good Condition

Warning Signs of Power Steering Failure

Identifying early signs of power steering issues allows you to address problems before they worsen, ensuring smoother handling, improved safety, and preventing costly repairs down the line.It should help you avoid the major repairs in the future. Some telltale signs of an impending power steering failure include:

• Heavy or Stiff Steering

Have you been experiencing any sort of heavy or difficult steering? It can indicate a clogged system or any issues with the performance of the pump. In many cases, this is the first sign. 

• Whining or Squealing Noises While Turning

You might occasionally hear loud noises while turning the wheel. Whining or squealing sounds often signal low power steering fluid levels or potential issues within the system.If not, it can be a clear sign of something being amiss with your power steering system. It can also indicate a worn-out pump. 

• Fluid Leaks 

If you notice leaked fluids in your vehicle, it can be a sign of impending power steering failure. Leaks commonly occur from the power steering hoses, seals, or reservoir, often due to wear, cracks, or loose connections that allow fluid to escape and reduce system pressure.

• Intermittent Steering Assist

You might observe that the steering works fine for a few moments and may fail to do so at other times. This issue can arise from electrical faults within the system, such as damaged wiring, blown fuses, or malfunctioning components that disrupt power delivery to the steering mechanism.

• Steering Warning Lights

If your dashboard has lights or indicators for the steering, a few warning lights here can indicate issues with your power steering system. Do not ignore these signs. Take corrective action immediately. 

How to Prevent Power Steering Problems?

Following a proper maintenance schedule can help you prevent power steering failure. Here are a few tips that can be handy:

• Keep a check on your fluid levels. A monthly check should help you fix any leaks or top up the fluid if needed 

• Check for leaks in different components of your power steering system. 

• Inspect the belts, hoses and other connectors at regular intervals. This can help address the issue before it escalates. 

• Opt for regular maintenance. The routine maintenance appointment should help you address the issue. 

When you purchase a used car from Indus Used Cars, you can be confident that every vehicle undergoes a comprehensive inspection for power steering issues. Our experts also provide practical guidance on maintaining your steering system and preventing potential problems early on.